EMA's CHMP backs JINARC (tolvaptan) for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Tolvaptan (INN), also known as OPC-41061, is a selective, competitive vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist used to treat hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels) associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Tolvaptan was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 19, 2009, and is sold by Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. under the trade name Samsca and in India is manufactured & sold by MSN laboratories Ltd. under the trade name Tolsama & Tolvat and by Lupin under the brand name Resodim.

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Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. announced today that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has recommended JINARC® (tolvaptan) for approval. This treatment has been recommended to slow the progression of cyst development and renal insufficiency of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1 to 3 at initiation of treatment with evidence of rapidly progressing disease.

Tolvaptan was developed over a period of 26 years through the persevering efforts of researchers in Otsuka’s Japanese pharmaceutical research centre. Upon discovering a cell signaling pathway that causes renal cysts to proliferate and enlarge, Otsuka launched an effort in 2004 to develop a drug for the disease in conjunction with the world’s leading ADPKD medical specialists.

EMA's CHMP backs JINARC (tolvaptan) for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Study shows efficacy of YONDELIS (trabectedin) in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma

In continuation of my update on trabectedin

PharmaMar announced that the European Journal of Cancer published online data from a large retrospective study with soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) patients carried out at 25 French centers confirming that in routine practice YONDELIS® (trabectedin) shows comparable or better clinical outcomes than those observed in clinical trials . The results add to previous evidence from other studies with trabectedin , including the compassionate expanded access program of 1895 patients with incurable disease , demonstrating that response and disease control rates are higher than expected. The authors describe that long-term treatment of multiple types of STS patients without progressive disease delayed progression and improved survival compared to those who stopped it after six cycles, as recently suggested in the T-DIS studyiii. In this routine real-life scenario, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.4 and 12.2 months, respectively after a median follow-up of 22 month. Of the 304 patients who achieved non-progressive disease after six cycles, 227 continued receiving trabectedin and obtained significant superior PFS (11.7 versus 7.6 months) and OS (24.9 versus 16.9 months) than those who did not. The recent study reinforces an approach of early administration of YONDELIS® (trabectedin) to optimize its efficacy as second-line treatment in patients that will probably benefit from this drug. Despite the limitations of the study, the investigators emphasize that this clinical strategy may achieve longer disease control without compromising the safety profile of the treatment, given that a third of the patients received more 6 or more cycles of the drug and were able to tolerate longer treatments.

Study shows efficacy of YONDELIS (trabectedin) in patients with soft-tissue sarcoma

Bionomics to present data from DisrupTOR-1 trial at ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium

Bionomics Limited (ASX:BNO, ADR:BMICY) is to present important additional data from the DisrupTOR-1 trial of BNC105 in patients with metastatic renal cancer at the ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium in Orlando, Florida. The data will be presented by Dr. Sumanta Pal of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center in California in his poster presentation.

The new data identifies Ferritin and IL-8 as two baseline biomarkers that correlate with an improved progression free survival (PFS) in patients. Elevated baseline Ferritin and lower baseline IL-8 were associated with improved PFS (P=0.0291 and P=0.0149, respectively). Eighty nine percent of patients expressing elevated plasma levels of Ferritin and lower plasma levels of IL8 at baseline were disease progression free (PFS) at 6 months.

"The DisrupTOR-1 trial offered a unique opportunity to assess biomarkers related to the activity of BNC105. Interestingly our findings suggest that baseline levels of Ferritin and IL-8 may predict an excellent clinical outcome with the combination of Afinitor with BNC105. Plans are underway already to validate this finding in a biomarker-driven trial," said Dr. Pal, Co-Director of the Kidney Cancer Program at the Department of Medical Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics of the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center.

"This is a compelling improvement compared to the 34% PFS observed at six months in the unselected population," said Dr. Deborah Rathjen, Bionomics' CEO and Managing Director.

"These results indicate that moving forward, biomarker-based patient selection has the potential to provide guidance and optimise clinical outcomes in the treatment of renal cancer, presenting a range of new possibilities for BNC105. We will continue to explore further data and the options for the advancement of the compound.

"Bionomics to present data from DisrupTOR-1 trial at ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium

Sorafenib, sunitinib provide no benefit to patients with locally advanced kidney cancer

Findings from a federally funded study suggest that patients with locally advanced kidney cancer should not be treated with either adjuvant (post-surgery) sorafenib or sunitinib. The average period to disease recurrence was similar between those who received sorafenib or sunitinib after surgery (5.6 years) and those treated with placebo (5.7 years). The study will be presented at the upcoming 2015 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium in Orlando.

"These drugs didn't reduce disease recurrence, but on average they did not appear to worsen patient outcomes either," said lead study author Naomi B. Haas, MD, an Associate Professor of Medicine at the Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pa. "We are still analyzing the various groups of patients enrolled on this trial, and we hope that analysis of patient specimens collected on this study may provide clues into subsets of patients who might still benefit from these therapies."

Sorafenib, sunitinib provide no benefit to patients with locally advanced kidney cancer

Treatment reduces risk of recurrence of C. difficile infection

In continuation of my update on metronidazole  &  vancomycin

Among patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) who recovered following standard treatment with the antibiotics metronidazole or vancomycin, oral administration of spores of a strain of C difficilethat does not produce toxins colonized the gastrointestinal tract and significantly reduced CDI recurrence, according to a study in the May 5 issue of JAMA.

C difficile is the cause of one of the most common and deadly health care-associated infections, linked to 29,000 U.S. deaths each year. Rates of CDI remain at unprecedented high levels in U.S. hospitals. Clinical infection also has a recurrence rate of 25 percent to 30 percent among affected patients. Not all strains of C difficile produce toxins. Nontoxigenic C difficile strains that lack the genes for toxin production are also found in the hospital environment and can colonize hospitalized patients, although patients are usually asymptomatic. Gastrointestinal colonization by these nontoxigenic C difficilestrains (in both humans and hamsters) has shown promising results as a potential way to prevent CDI, according to background information in the article.

Dale N. Gerding, M.D., of the Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Il., and Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Il., and colleagues randomly assigned 173 adult patients who were diagnosed as having CDI (first episode or first recurrence) to receive 1 of 4 treatments: oral liquid formulation of nontoxigenic C difficile strain M3 (VP20621; NTCD-M3), 104 spores/d for 7 days (n = 43), 107 spores/d for 7 days (n = 44), 107 spores/d for 14 days (n = 42), or placebo for 14 days (n = 44). Prior to enrollment, these patients had all successfully completed treatment with metronidazole, oral vancomycin, or both at 44 study centers in the United States, Canada, and Europe.

Treatment reduces risk of recurrence of C. difficile infection 

Taiho Oncology announces acceptance of TAS-102 NDA for review by FDA

Taiho Oncology, Inc., a subsidiary of Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Japan), today announced the New Drug Application (NDA) for TAS-102 (nonproprietary names: trifluridine and tipiracil hydrochloride), has been accepted for review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). TAS-102 is an oral combination investigational anticancer drug for the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

TAS-102 is an investigational drug candidate for metastatic colorectal cancer. It is a combination of two active pharmaceutical ingredients: trifluridine, (see left structure)  

a nucleoside analog (see right structure), and tipiracil hydrochloride, a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. Tipiracil hydrochloride prevents rapid metabolism of trifluiridine, increasing the bioavailability of trifluiridine.

"The FDA's filing of the TAS-102 NDA represents a significant milestone for our company and underscores the need for new treatment options for patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer," said Eric Benn, Taiho Oncology's president and chief executive officer. "Today, we are one step closer to our ultimate goal of gaining regulatory approval for TAS-102 and making it available to patients in the USA with this serious medical condition. We look forward to working closely with the FDA during the NDA review."

Taiho Oncology announces acceptance of TAS-102 NDA for review by FDA

Anticoagulant fondaparinux lowers risk of major bleeding events, death in heart attack patients

 

Patients who experienced a certain type of heart attack who received the anticoagulant fondaparinux had a lower risk of major bleeding events and death both in the hospital and after six months compared to patients who received low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), although both groups had similar rates of subsequent heart attack or stroke, according to a study in the February 17 issue of JAMA.

Reducing bleeding events in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy is important since bleeding events are associated with increased mortality. Fondaparinux was associated with reduced major bleeding events and improved survival compared with LMWH (a class of anticoagulant medications) in a large randomized clinical trial involving patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI; a certain pattern on an electrocardiogram following a heart attack). Large-scale experience of the use of fondaparinux vs LMWH outside of a clinical trial setting has been lacking, according to background information in the article.

Karolina Szummer, M.D., Ph.D., of the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and colleagues analyzed data from a Swedish registry that included 40,616 patients with NSTEMI who received in-hospital treatment with fondaparinux or LMWH between September 2006 through June 2010, with follow-up through December 2010.

Anticoagulant fondaparinux lowers risk of major bleeding events, death in heart attack patients

New compound appears to play role in development of opioid tolerance

While opioids are a widely used treatment for pain, patients who take them on a regular basis can become tolerant, requiring a higher dose for continued pain relief. In a study published in Anesthesiology, the official medical journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists® (ASA®), researchers identified a compound that appears to play a role in the development of opioid tolerance. It may be possible to lessen the development of opioid tolerance if that compound is neutralized or blocked in patients taking opioids chronically for severe pain.

"Opioid tolerance is a growing problem among chronic pain patients and cancer patients in particular," said Chih-Peng Lin, M.D., assistant professor, Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine. "We found that CXCL1, a protein produced by spinal cord tissue, contributes to opioid tolerance. By neutralizing CXCL1 in patients, we might help solve the problem of opioid tolerance."

New compound appears to play role in development of opioid tolerance

Alcon Receives FDA Approval of Pazeo (olopatadine HCl) Ophthalmic Solution for Allergic Conjunctivitis

Olopatadine hydrochloride is an antihistamine (as well as anticholinergic and mast cell stabilizer), sold as a prescription eye drop (0.2% solution, Pataday (or Patanol S in some countries), manufactured by Alcon). It is used to treat itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis (eye  allergies). Olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% is sold as Patanol (or Opatanol in some countries). A decongestant nasal spray formulation is sold as Patanase, which was approved by the FDA on April 15, 2008.  It is also available as an oral tablet in Japan under the tradename Allelock, manufactured by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo.

Alcon, the global leader in eye care and a division of Novartis, has received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of Pazeo (olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution) 0.7%, for the treatment of ocular itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis. Pazeo solution is dosed one drop daily, and was approved with efficacy data at 24 hours, post dose.

Alcon Receives FDA Approval of Pazeo (olopatadine HCl) Ophthalmic Solution for Allergic Conjunctivitis

Eliglustat drug improves liver, spleen size and hemoglobin level in adults with Gaucher disease type 1

In continuation of my update on eliglustat  

Among previously untreated adults with Gaucher disease type 1, a genetic disease in which there is improper metabolism due to a defect in an enzyme, treatment with the drug eliglustat resulted in significant improvements in liver and spleen size hemoglobin level, and platelet count, according to a study in the February 17 issue of JAMA.

Gaucher disease type 1 is characterized by enlargement of the spleen and liver, anemia, low blood platelets, chronic bone pain, and the failure to grow properly. Untreated Gaucher disease type 1 is a chronic and progressive disorder associated with disability, reduced life expectancy, and, in some patients, life-threatening complications. The current standard of care is enzyme replacement therapy, which requires lifelong intravenous infusions every other week. A safe, effective oral therapy is needed, according to background information in the article. 

Pramod K. Mistry, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P., of the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., and colleagues randomly assigned 40 untreated adults with Gaucher disease type 1 to receive eliglustat (twice daily; n = 20) or placebo (n = 20) for 9 months. Eliglustat is a novel oral medication, which showed favorable results for patients with this disease in a phase 2 trial. This phase 3 trial was conducted at 18 sites in 12 countries.

The researchers found that administration of eliglustat resulted in a reduction in spleen volume of approximately 30 percent compared with placebo, as well as improvements in hemoglobin level, decreased liver volume (-6.6 percent), and increased platelet count (41 percent). No serious adverse events occurred. No patient discontinued treatment over the course of the 9-month study because of a treatment-emergent adverse event.

Eliglustat drug improves liver, spleen size and hemoglobin level in adults with Gaucher disease type 1